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Step 3c - Assess your puppy's body condition score (BCS)

An easy way to determine whether or not a puppy’s growth rate is optimal is its Body Condition Score (BCS).

Evaluate your puppy’s BCS at least every 2 weeks.

Your goal is to keep your puppy’s BCS at either 4 or 5 on a 9-point scale.

If your puppy has a BCS below 4, adjust the diet. Likewise, if your puppy’s BCS is 6 or higher, then you need to make adjustments.

Score
Location Feature
Estimated body fat (%)
% BW below or above BCS 5
1. Emaciated

Ribs & other bony prominences: Visible from a distance & easily palpable, with no overlying fat.

Abdomen: Severe abdominal tuck when viewed from the side, exaggerated hourglass shape when viewed from above.

Tail base: Prominent, raised bone structures with no tissue between the skin and bone. Obvious loss of muscle mass and no discernible body fat.

<4%
- ≥40%
2. Very Thin

Ribs & other bony prominences: Visible & easily palpable with no fat layer under the skin.

Abdomen: Strong abdominal tuck when viewed from the side, accentuated hourglass shape when viewed from above.

Tail base: Prominent, raised bone structures with no tissue between the skin and bone. Minimal loss of muscle mass.

4-10%
-30-40%
3. Thin

Ribs & other bony prominences: Discernible & easily palpable with minimal fat cover.

Abdomen: Pronounced abdominal tuck when viewed from the side, marked hourglass shape when viewed from above.

Tail base:Raised bony structures with little tissue between skin and bone.

5-15%
-20-30%
4. Slightly underweight

Ribs & other bony prominences: Easily palpable with minimal fat cover.

Abdomen: Abdominal tuck when viewed from the side, slightly marked hourglass shape when viewed from above.

Tail base: Raised bony structures with little subcutaneous tissue.

10-20%
-10-15%
5. Ideal

Ribs & other bony prominences: Ribs not visible, but easily palpable, with thin layer of fat. Other bony prominences are palpable with slight amount of overlaying fat.

Abdomen: Abdominal tuck when viewed from the side and well proportioned lumbar waist (hourglass shape) when viewed from above.

Tail base: Smooth contour or some thickening, bony structures palpable under a thin layer of subcutaneous fat.

15-25%
0%
6. Slightly overweight

Ribs & other bony prominences: Palpable with moderate fat cover.

Abdomen: Less obvious abdominal tuck when viewed from the side, hourglass shape less pronounced when viewed from above.

Tail base: Smooth contour or some thickening, bony structures remain palpable under moderate layer of subcutaneous fat.

20-30%
+10-15%
7. Overweight

Ribs & other bony prominences: Difficult to palpate, thick fat cover.

Abdomen: Little abdominal tuck when viewed from the side or waist, and back slightly broadened when viewed from above.

Tail base: Smooth contour or some thickening, bony structures remain palpable under subcutaneous fat.

25-35%
+20-30%
8. Obese

Ribs & other bony prominences: Ribs are very difficult to palpate, with a thick layer of fat. Other bony prominences are distended with extensive fat deposit.

Tail base: Appears thickened, difficult to palpate bony structures.

General: Ventral bulge under abdomen, no waist, and back markedly broadened when viewed from above. Fat deposits over lumbar area and neck.

30-40%
+30-45%
9. Grossly Obese

Ribs \& other bony prominences: Ribs are very difficult to palpate, with a massive layer of fat; other bony prominences are distended with extensive fat deposits between bone and skin.

Tail base:Appears thickened, bony structures almost impossible to palpate.

General: Pendulous ventral bulge under abdomen, no waist, back markedly broadened when viewed from above. Fat deposits over lumbar area, neck, face, limbs and in the groin. A dip may form on the back when lumbar and thoracic fat bulges dorsally.

>40%
>45%

Adapted from Laflamme D 1997b, Laflamme DP 1993, Laflamme DP 2006, Laflamme DP et al. 1994, Mawby DI et al. 2004.
FEDIAF Nutritional Guidelines August 2018

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